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New Zealand Security Intelligence Service
The New Zealand Security Intelligence Service (NZSIS or SIS) ((マオリ語:Te Pā Whakamarumaru)) is New Zealand's main domestic and counter-intelligence intelligence agency.
==History==
The New Zealand Security Intelligence Service was first established by the First National Government on 28 November 1956 as the New Zealand Security Service. The New Zealand Security Service was created to counter increased Soviet intelligence operations in Australia and New Zealand in the wake of the Petrov Affair, which damaged Soviet-Australian relations. The New Zealand Security Service was modelled on the British domestic intelligence agency MI5 and its first Director of Security was Brigadier William Gilbert, a former New Zealand Army officer. The organization's existence was treated as a state secret until 1960.〔Michael King, ''Penguin History of New Zealand'', pp. 429, 431.〕〔Graeme Hunt, ''Spies and Revolutionaries'', pp.231-32.〕
According to the journalist and author Graeme Hunt, domestic intelligence and counter-subversion prior to the establishment of the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service was the primary responsibility of the New Zealand Police Force (1919–1941; 1945–1949) and the New Zealand Police Force Special Branch (1949–1956). Another predecessor to the NZSIS during the Second World War was the short-lived New Zealand Security Intelligence Bureau (SIB).〔Graeme Hunt, ''Spies and Revolutionaries'', pp. 291-2.〕 The SIB was modeled after the British MI5 and was headed by a junior MI5 officer named Major Kenneth Folkes. Major Folkes was duped into believing that there was a "Nazi plot" in New Zealand by the conman Syd Ross. Due to this embarrassment, Folkes was dismissed by Prime Minister Peter Fraser in February 1943 and the SIB was merged into the New Zealand Police. Following the end of World War II, the Police Force resumed responsibility for domestic intelligence.〔Graeme Hunt, ''Spies and Revolutionaries'', pp.140-44.〕
In 1969, the New Zealand Security Service was formally renamed the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service.〔Graeme Hunt, ''Spies and Revolutionaries'', pp. 242, 292.〕 That same year, an Act of Parliament covering the agency's functions and responsibilities known as the ''New Zealand Security Intelligence Service Act'' was passed. Various amendments have since been made to the Security Intelligence Act – the most controversial probably Rob Muldoon's 1977 amendment, which expanded the SIS's powers of monitoring considerably. The 1977 amendment saw sizeable protests outside Parliament.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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